Nuisance wildlife management is the term given to the process of selective removal of problem individuals or populations of certain species of wildlife. Some species of wildlife may become habituated to man's presence causing property damage or risk transfer of disease to humans or pets. Many wildlife species coexist with humans very successfully. In fact, rodents have become more or less dependent on people.
Wildlife species
Common Las Vegas wildlife pests include bats, mice, coyotes, ravens, woodpeckers and pigeons. Some of these species are protected by state or federal regulations, and a permit may be required to control some species.
Wildlife species are usually only pests in certain situations, such as when their numbers become excessive in a particular area. Human change in the environment will often result in increased numbers of a species. For example, piles of scrap building material make excellent sites for rodents to frequent. Food left out for household pets is often equally attractive to some wildlife species. In these situations, the wildlife have suitable food and habitat and will usually become a nuisance.
Controlling wildlife damage
The primary objective of any control program should be to reduce damage in a practical, humane and environmentally acceptable manner. Wildlife managers and wildlife control operators base control methods on the habits and biology of the animals causing damage, in order that their efforts will be more effective and will serve to maximize safety to the environment, humans and other animals.
A key to controlling wildlife damage is prompt and accurate determination of which animal is causing the damage. Even someone with no training or experience can often identify the pest by thoroughly examining the damaged area. Because feeding indications of many wildlife species are similar, other signs – such as droppings, tracks, burrows, nests or food caches – are usually needed to make a positive species identification.
After you properly identify the wildlife pest, you can choose control methods appropriate to the animal species involved. Improper control methods may harm but not kill the animal, causing it to become leery of those and other methods in the future. For example, using traps and poison baits improperly or in the wrong situation may teach the animal that the control method is harmful. This may make the animal difficult to control later, even with the correct method.
Four steps lead to a successful nuisance wildlife control program:
-Correctly identify the species causing the problem.
-Alter the habitat, if possible, to make the area less attractive to the wildlife pest.
-Use a control method appropriate to the location, time of year, and other environmental conditions.
-Monitor the site for re-infestation in order to determine if additional control is necessary.
The most commonly used methods for controlling nuisance wildlife around homes and gardens include exclusion, habitat modification, repellents, toxic baits, glue boards, traps and frightening. Wildlife control involves human risks both through injury to person and property but also through disease.
Control methods
Exclusion
Physically excluding an offending animal from the area being damaged or disturbed is the best and most permanent way to control the problem. Materials needed for exclusion will depend upon the species causing the problem. Large mammals can be excluded with woven wire fences, electric fences and poly-tape fences. Small mammals and some birds can be excluded with netting, tarp, hardware cloth or any other suitable material.
Habitat modification
Modifying an animal’s habitat often provides lasting and cost-effective relief from damage caused by nuisance wildlife. Habitat modification is effective because it limits access to one or more of the requirements for life – food, water or shelter. Rodent- or bat-proofing buildings by sealing cracks and holes prevents these animals from gaining access to suitable habitats. Storing seed and pet food in tightly closed containers, controlling weeds and garden debris around homes and buildings, and storing firewood and building supplies on racks or pallets above ground level are also practices that can limit or remove the animals’ sources of food, water or shelter.
Repellents
Using a method such as a repellent that changes the behavior of an animal may lead to a reduction or elimination of damage. Several available repellents, such as objectionable-tasting coatings or odor repellents, may deter wildlife from feeding on plants. Other repellents such as sticky, tacky substances placed on or near windows, trees or buildings may deter many birds and small mammals. Unfortunately, most wildlife soon discover that repellents are not actually harmful, and the animals may soon become accustomed to the smell, taste or feel of these deterrents.
Glue boards and traps
Glue boards and traps can be either a lethal or non-lethal method of control. Glue boards can be used to trap small mammals and snakes. Applying vegetable oil to the caught animal will dissolve the glue allowing for release of the animal.
However, as many animals caught in glue traps will die from stress, shock, dehydration, starvation or inflict severe injuries upon themselves - to the extent of severed limbs and torn skin - releasing is considered an act of compassionate rescue and not a design feature of this type of trap, indeed many animal welfare groups worldwide are pushing for a ban on the sale and use of glue traps.
Frightening
Frightening devices such as bells, whistles, horns, clappers, sonic emitters, audio tapes and other sound devices may be quite successful in the short term in repelling an animal from an area. Other objects such as effigies, lights, reflectors and windmills rely on visual stimulation to scare a problem animal away. Often nuisance animals become accustomed to these tactics and will return later if exposed to these devices daily.
Legalities
Before initiating any wildlife control activities, you must become familiar with federal, state, and local laws. D-Termination Pest Control is certified in the State of Nevada to implement Nuisance Wildlife Control and does so with a unique sense cohabitation between wildlife and Humans while still getting the job done.
Ethics
There are many ethical considerations in nuisance wildlife management. Some governments permit relocation of wildlife, however humane considerations must be taken into account before relocating wildlife, including population and habitat. Some species of wildlife cannot be ethically relocated due to overabundance of competing species or lack of availability of proper food and habitat. Control during the spring months does run the risk of killing the young by starvation. Proper euthanasia of animals when necessary is also a controversial and sensitive consideration to be taken prior to engaging in nuisance wildlife management and requires training and certification.